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Ranks and rank insignia of the Red Army between 1940 and 1943 were characterised by continuing reforms to the Soviet armed forces in the period immediately before Operation Barbarossa and the war of national survival following it. The Soviet suspicion of rank and rank badges as a bourgeois institution remained, but the increasing experience of Soviet forces, and the massive increase in manpower all played their part, including the creation of a number of new general officer ranks. == Change of military rank insignia == From May 1940 the introduction of general ranks in the Red Army and flag officer ranks in the Soviet Navy was officially sanctioned, by decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet.〔Decree of the "Presidium of the Supreme Soviet” of 7 May 1943〕 The following general officer ranks were introduced: * High level force commanding staff — major general, lieutenant general, colonel general and general of the army * Artillery commanders — major general of the artillery, lieutenant general of the artillery and colonel general of the artillery * Air force commanders (including naval aviation) — major general of the air force, lieutenant general of the air force, and colonel general of the air force * Armoured corps commanders — major general of the armoured corps, lieutenant general of the armoured corps, and colonel general of the armoured corps * Communications troops commanders — major general of the communications troops, lieutenant general of the communications troops and colonel general of the communications troops * Engineer troops commanders — major general of the engineer troops, lieutenant general of the engineer troops and colonel general of the engineer troops * Commanding staff of other troops (including: chemical, railway, transport and military cartography) — major general of the technical troops, lieutenant general of the technical troops, and colonel general of the technical troops * Leading staff of the commissariat service — major general of the commissariat service, lieutenant general of the commissariat service, and colonel general of the commissariat service * Flag officers of the Soviet Navy — rear admiral, vice admiral, admiral, and admiral of the fleet * Generals of the Soviet Navy on coastal service — major general of the coastal service, lieutenant general of the coastal service, and colonel general of the coastal service * Engineer flag officers of the Soviet Navy — rear admiral engineer, vice admiral engineer, and admiral engineer On 4 June 1940, the first promotions to the newly established ranks were made. First to be promoted to the rank of army general were Zukov, Meretskov and Tyulenev. The rank insignia that characterized it were as follows: * Gorget patch: One large star in gold embroidery, on the lower part two round laurel twigs and the hammer & sickle emblem. * Sleeve: One large star in gold embroidery, red piping, below a red coloured chevron in gold embroidery, surrounded by two gold laurel-twigs with red piping. The rank of marshal of the Soviet Union, established in September 1935, remained unchanged.〔Disposal by the central executive committee of the Council of People's Commissars, of 22 September 1935〕 What would become a future rank system started to take shape with the promotion of the first Marshal of Artillery in early 1943, with the collar patch of a Marshal but in black. With the new rank regulations came the reintroduction of the Yefreytor rank to the Army and Air Force and the introduction of new ratings for the Navy: ''Leading Red Fleet Man'' (naval services) and ''Yefreytor'' (coastal services). 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Ranks and rank insignia of the Red Army 1940–1943」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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